A man, a plan, a canal–NICARAGUA?

Hey wait…that’s not a palindrome. Damn. Uh, I believe this would fall under the general heading of WTF???

Nicaragua, one of the poorest countries in Latin America, plans to construct a $20bn rival to the Panama canal to enable the largest tankers and container ships in the world to pass between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.


The mega-engineering project is expected to take more than 10 years to build but could redraw the map of world trade by opening the east coast of North America, Europe and Brazil to large-scale sea traffic from burgeoning Pacific rim countries including China and South Korea.

The new route would cut 500 miles – or at least a day – off the route between California and New York, and could considerably shorten and cheapen the journey from China to Europe for large ships.

Yesterday’s formal announcement of what is known as the Grand Inter-Oceanic Nicaragua Canal was greeted with trepidation by nearby Panama, which is also planning to widen its canal. It fears that its main source of income will be seriously affected if Nicaragua builds a rival.

If built, the Nicaraguan canal would allow 250,000-tonne tankers and container ships to pass through the isthmus that divides the two oceans, compared with the Panama canal’s 79,000-tonne boats. Even if an expected $5bn (£2.6bn) upgrade of the Panama canal goes ahead, it is expected to only accommodate 120,000-tonne boats.

Okay…this just smells of Bhad Nhews all around. Does anyone think much of the environmental impact of the Panama Canal? Or how the deforestation it caused is now ironically threatening the canal’s own existence? Shit, no! Profits come first, last and everywhere in between. Fuck the environment–who needs ecology when economy alone is supposed to save the day?

The Nicaraguan president, Enrique Bolanos, said at the weekend that there is room for two major canals. “There’s a lot of business to share. We know that for every 100 ships that come to the Americas, only seven use the Panama canal. If a Nicaraguan canal were built, it would bring an economic effervescence never seen before in central America,” he said.

But a spokesman for the Panama Canal Authority, the semi-independent body that runs the Panama canal, said there was insufficient ship traffic to support both a widened Panama canal and a canal through Nicaragua. “If the widening goes forward, [the Nicaraguan project] is not feasible,” he said. “Our analysis shows that if our project is approved, there would not be enough demand to pay for the two, and they would have to have a cost structure much higher than ours.”

The project, which has been backed vigorously by Mr Bolanos, has been under active consideration for at least a decade, but has been held up by financial negotiations. Nicaragua, whose GDP is only 5% of the expected cost of the venture, is expected to have to link up with major global companies, including Chinese and Japanese banks which stand to gain the most by exporting more easily to the west.

In engineering terms the new waterway would be one of the most ambitious attempted anywhere in the last 20 years. The route is expected to take ships in a series of giant locks 105ft (32 metres) up to Lago Cocibolca (Lake Nicaragua), the second largest lake in Latin America. In total, the route would be about 170 miles long and would largely follow the San Juan River, requiring massive cuttings and earthworks. It would also have to negotiate Mt Momotombo, an active volcano. It is thought that a major new port and tourist developments would be built at both ends.

And this would be a good thing HOW?

A canal through Nicaragua has been a dream of many countries and entrepreneurs for more than 400 years, since the Spanish conquistadors saw the potential of a sea route to the East Indies.

The idea was raised by businessmen in 1849 during the California gold rush and then again in 1884 when political agreement was reached between the US and Nicaragua. American business owners invested in land, expecting a canal to be built in the country, and in 1916 the US paid Nicaragua $3m for an option in perpetuity but the deal was never signed after the Panama canal was chosen.

Ten years ago, the idea of a rival to the Panama canal surfaced again when a consortium of eight large European, North American and Japanese construction companies and ports, including the British firm Wimpey, carried out feasibility studies. It was estimated then that 20,000 workers would be needed.

Ironically, this is fewer than the number killed (22,000 estimated) building the original Panama Canal. I guess that’s progress, of a sort…but then again:

The Nicaraguan canal would need to take much of the Panama canal’s traffic to be remotely profitable. The Panama canal currently carries about 5% of world shipping, handling 14,000 transits and shipping over 275m tonnes of cargo in 2005, mainly between Asia and the east coast of the US. The canal earns Panama 8% of its revenue but is now near its capacity, with freight traffic sometimes backing up for days or weeks during maintenance.

Gee, that doesn’t sound like it’s worth sacrificing Nicaragua’s ecological well-being for. And a lot of Nicaraguans agree:

Nicaraguan environmentalists and grassroots groups played down the plans, saying there had been a long history of plans for routes between the Pacific and Atlantic but no action. “A canal, a rail, a road link and a pipeline link have all been proposed, but nothing ever happens. If this ‘wet’ canal does ever go ahead we would expect it to provide a few temporary jobs but little long-term benefit for the ordinary Nicaraguan,” said Katherine Hoyt of the Nicaraguan network in Washington.

“The bankers love the idea. It is using Nicaragua’s strategic position to benefit world trade. But it would be an ecological disaster, destroying large areas of forest. It would also open up the interior of the most forested country in central America to exploitation,” she said.

“There are also security implications. I cannot imagine the US wanting Chinese or foreign investors having a controlling share in a canal so close to its border.”

Others maintain that the proposed deep-water ports would ruin magnificent coral reefs and fishing grounds, distort sea turtle breeding and migratory patterns, and occasion widespread poisoning and pollution through oil spills and waste discharge.

A long history of such plans? Yeah…about 200 years old, at least as far as halfway serious business proposals are concerned. More like 400 in all. And it’s never proved feasible to build a canal through Nicaragua in all that time, either. Panama was chosen because the Isthmus of Panama is the narrowest strip of land in the Americas. The Panama Canal is fewer than 50 miles long, and its location was chosen for that very reason. Nicaragua didn’t make the original cut because it’s just too wide.

Meanwhile, the post-Panamax ship size isn’t necessarily a step forward, either. Supertankers, for example–nobody likes them except the shipping company owners. Captains and crewmembers are another story. These floating cities are not only unwieldy to steer (and dangerous ecologically–especially supertankers), they’re also deathly tedious to work on; rates of alcohol, drug and domestic abuse among persons working aboard superships are high. And no wonder: you can go for literally months without seeing dry land. It makes life on a navy sub look tame. Human relations suffer under such stresses, to say the least.

And to top it all off, the widening of the Panama Canal that’s currently underway (and which will theoretically increase the size that’s considered Panamax) isn’t exactly going to benefit Panamanians, either. Martin Torrijos isn’t as progressive a president as his father
, the late Omar Torrijos, who’s best known for wresting the Canal out of the US’s hands (and paying for this act of economic sovereignty and defiance with his life). He’s still too beholden to the IMF; ask John Perkins what the dangers of defying the IMF are.

Global trade…what the fuck has it done for the globe? Nada.

Let’s hope that Nicaragua stands firm against this nonsense. The second-poorest country in Latin America needs at least 100,000 PERMANENT, WELL-PAYING jobs–something this new canal won’t come anywhere near to delivering, especially if it follows the path originally taken in Panama and most of the Canal Zone workers turn out to be imports. Maybe the upcoming election of Daniel Ortega will help on all fronts.

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